Role of the Media on Islamophobia Since Trumps Election

r kayoedine of the Media on Islamophobia Since go arounds ElectionDramati phoneyincreased Islamophobia in Ameri poop Media coverage since trump cards governance Moslemsin the States argon much than(prenominal) vulnerable to bigotry and Islamophobia as a result of Donald gos behaviour and actionsAbstractThis research writing implies the role of internationalistic media in the prolongation and times of hatred and enmity vibe against Moslems in the American bon ton since the U.S. presidential election campaign. The objective of this research paper is to focus on the reasons, role of media and scoop outs influence behind the increasing hostility and aggression against Islamics in US, and how it is utilise to legitimize the segregation towards them. Muslims know been more vulnerable to violence, threats and hatred since inauguration of American presidential campaign especi eachy after Trumps abominateful speeches. During the first GOP tilt in August 2015, Islamophobi a make an appearance secure a month later in kinsfolk 2017, the first incident of Muslims hatred of anti-Muslim occurred. Since 9/11 fear establish oppressor exercises by white idea or Christians is a common hone, stock-still after they have slaughtered numbers comparable to those hurt by Muslims. Yet we do non hear any segregation towards Christianity or Christians by and large indeed in most cases they ar displayed as solitary or lone woman chaser, mental case or medicate fiend only when never as a terrorist, American password outlets ar as considerably as more concerned intimately non-Muslim victims rather than Muslim victims of terror. Trump has a track record of advocating and load-bearing(a) Islamophobia during elections campaign and even after winning the elections. After just a year following the atomic number 20 and France terror glide paths he called for a ban of Muslims entering US as it is obvious from his actions and words that he cant distinguish betwe en extremists groups of various radical elements and the rest of the realisms nearly 2 billion Muslims who played no role in these incidents who are however a victim in all this. Meanwhile, he has been majesticly silent on the attacks on Muslims, showed no concern for Muslims victims whatsoever, which depicts a double standard regarding his concern over the issue of terrorist act. 30 articles have been reviewed for this purpose, the epitome of these research papers recommended that threatening vibe towards Muslims is seen as usual and regular fare in the tungsten non only by common customary simply also the current hot seat of cerebrate States of America. By analysing all the articles, it will be sufficing to say that Trumps replete(p) governmental race was based on the hatred towards Muslims and Islamophobia. Keywords Muslims,Terror incidents, American Media coverage, Lone wolf, Islamophobia, Islam, 9/11,Election Campaign, prexy Trump, American President, Trumps Ad ministrationIntroductionForeveryone in America and all over the world it was shocking when Donald Trumpsuggested a ban on Muslims entering the US, but this behavior towards Muslimshas remained a common practice end-to-end American history. In 2016 Donald Trumpsclaim that Islam hates us. What is alarming about this is that it sum ups froman orientalist misconception which have never been changed over the last 200years. Reality is that Islam doesnt hate America or the West. in that respect are certainlyMuslims radical organizations who despise the united States, but they do nonhate US because of their religion (Saladin, 2016).Acritical point in the portrayal of damaging media depiction of Muslims happenedin the post- 9/11 period, Muslims were freely related with terror. There areseveral TV pictures, serials, talk shows, cartoons, and virgins coverage, whereMuslims are depicted as uncivilized, anti-modern, anti-democratic, andpsychological militants, fundamentalists, radicals, aggressors, primitive, andanti-western. Violent happenings or terror incidents are immediately and mostlylinked with Islamic nations by the western media. The western world own majornews networks, and TV stations, many another(prenominal) of them are headquartered in other nationsaround the world. Larger part of them is either run by the Jews or is beneathcapable campaign of Jews and Christians who significantly restrict any positiveaccomplishment on circumstances of the Muslims (Nurullah, 2010).DonaldTrump, the GOP presidential front-runner during his elections campaign promotedanti-Muslim stance in the wake of Paris attacks, November 2015 rather thancalling for peace, con sortity and international unity. Donald Trumps anti-Muslimstatements during his elections campaign and television interviews andappearances on international and national networks impacts millions of viewers across US and the globe (Abdelkader, 2016).Themedia is connected to religion in the way that it depicts the expression ofreligion to its given disciples as well as to the individuals out there. It tooupgrades the understandings of a specific religion through grievous insigniaof it. Media is fundamentally a platform which spread the message and cross outsstandards. In this way, the media plays two roles in the depiction of religionto emphatically depict it or delineate it contrarily to the masses.Subsequently, it depends on the editors who select the material to be broad flapedin the media. The beliefs and worldviews of those guardians unequivocallyinfluence the choice of news and occasions. Acts of terrorism committed bypeople of other faiths are not connected to their devout character. Acc. to themedia portrayal, fear mongering in advanced times has ended up the sole quite a littleof Muslims. This wholesome attribution of Muslims as fear mongers has comeabout in Islamophobia, racial scorn, slaughter, and viciousness (Nacos &Reyna, 2003).Thispaper analysis the reasons behind the s harp rise in wrongdoings against Islamand Muslims or those seen to be Muslim in America. The article, in any case,will propose that there are critical changes taking put in U.S. gardening whichwill enlighten the reasons why the surge in wrongdoings coordinated at Muslimsin America was harsh, but brief (Kaplan, 2006). Further this paper exploresPresident Trumps anti-Muslim views and actions, linking them to the increasein hate toward Muslims during his tenure. His anti-Muslims actions basically servedthe governmental purpose maintaining his political admit base of white American course of study and, creating a assort among west and Muslims (Nuruzzaman, 2017).TheWashington Posts reporting of the November 13, 2015, Paris attack distinguishedfrom the papers coverage of the first Ankara enthrall. In terms of sheerunmistakable quality, coverage of the Paris assault overshadowed coverage ofthe Ankara assault. The feature conjured the word terror, while the rest of thearticle describe din classifiable detailspecific scenes of savagery (el-Nawawy,& Elmasry, 2017).Thecommonality of orthodox representations correlating Muslims with terror instandard media uncovers broad condemnation among the makers of media messagesthat the affiliation, or association, is typical, sensible, and/orsatisfactory, which is at that point suggested to, and learned by, youth, insteadbelieving that, the affiliation is unfair and stereotypic and hurts Muslims, fashioning them defenceless to preference and segregation in the public sphere (Jackson,2010).Currentlyin US, Muslims are regularly depicted as pariahs in settings of nationalsharing, despite the fact that they are American-born citizens. Islamophobic conversationsare based on the view that Islam dont belong in the West and that Muslim refugeescannot be truly identified with the states in which they live (Shryock, 2013).Theother common register is that white Christian extremists who commit terroristattacks are not terrorists. There are exceptions. The Oklahoma bombing by awhite Christian is chiefly considered to be an act of terrorism, although theattack was initially blamed on Islamic terrorist groups. For the most part,though, terrorist was not a word applied to the white Christian responsiblefor the Quebec City attack. Nor is he alone in avoiding sort as aterrorist (Corbin, 2017).Literature ReviewPresidentTrumps America First narrative is basically the continuation of the Bushs anti-Muslimstance. It is President Trumps anti-Muslim rhetoric and actions that have madehim look Islamophobic, but he is not only American leader with terribleanti-Muslim mind-sets. His anti-Muslim rhetoric serves his political purposebut at a high cost to the Muslims. Neither did he hide his anti-Muslimsentiments that has created a weird office in the relationships between theMuslims and Trumps America (Nuruzzaman).Evenif media do not impart public to relate Muslims with terror, they will, in anycase, learn that it is typical t o do so, that it is recognized in the standardmedia as sensible or worthy, rather than as damaging to Muslims, who confrontsegregation, bias, and hatefulness when the extensiveness of their substances is notconsidered newsworthy or engaging, lacking an education that basically reactsto the transcendent generalization. Topical, expository, and basic lessons inmedia technique must full complement the formal educational programs approximatelyIslam to hone the dynamic mindfulness and basic group of what iseventually depicted as typical to think regarding Muslims in the mass media.What specific assets are utilized is not as critical as what is communicatedthrough their consideration that standard messages are inadequate or biased,and that informed members of an equitable society must hook with numerousviewpoints when it comes to troublesome, disputable subjects to act independentlyand in an educated way inside society (Jackson).Evenwith the unwavering opposition even from political p arties and public opinion and withthe disrespect for the American Constitution, why is it so that Trump still hadso much support? Its because he influences that fear that still prevails inpeople minds after 9/11 which is enough enough to believe that Muslimshates America and wants to harm them (Mutum, 2016). Soonafter Trumps Presidency, he begins carrying out the campaign he promises, thefirst travel bans a prerequisite. The Muslim ban is something that in some formhas morphed into extreme vetting from certain areas of the world. (Patel, &Levinson-Waldman 2017). Conservativeleader who openly share their hate for Muslims have escalates negative approaches.For the propagation of Islamophobia, the tremendous majority shares the mediais partly guilty. The generalizations that are propagated in the media may nothave pernicious expectation, but they are belittling to Muslims and may lead toincognito and unmistakable separation on interpersonal levels (Al-Hamdani,2016).The2016 U.S. presid ential caused another wave of Islamophobia, threateningAmerican Muslims freedom. In 2015, there were intimately 174 incidents ofanti-Muslim violence and Muslims suffered referable to much(prenominal) attacks as they were more seeming to be the victim of the crimes and assaults as compare to non-Muslims (Abdelkader,2016).Roleof a Muslim women in society is often projected through media which has becomethe main source of learning these days. disdain of favorable practice mostlyMuslims women are viewed as subjugated, backward, oppressed and given over towardterror (Watt, 2012).DonaldTrumps speeches indicated the rise in hatred towards Muslims in USA. Donald said that Muslims only care for Jihadindicating ISIS, and Muslims hates US. Acc.To Trump, why does President Obama defend Muslims in America? Oh, I can seethat he is one of them, he is a Muslim, right? From this it is obvious that Trumpreally hates Muslim and President Obama. By all this he was trying to constructthe bad sco pe of Muslim to gain supports form the American society. He buildshis own image of a leader for all the Non-Muslims and supporters of AntiMuslims sentiments which especially effected the family of terrorism victims. (Puspitasari,2016)Theaffiliation of Islam with terror has come to be acknowledged as fragment of thediscourse on security and terrorism it will be sufficing to say that Muslimand terrorist have ended up nearly synonymous (Eid, & Karim, 2011). The narrativeour Lone wolf/ Your terrorists by Phillips and many others, depicts therelation between civilizing Christians and regressing Islam. (Humphrys, 2012).IfTrump didnt create the terror narrative such a racial stereotype, whiteinnocence and white supremacy his administration did exploit these theme. Thesetwo propagandas complement each other and their consequence effect Muslims alot (Corbin, 2017).Itis obvious from the behavior of the voter that Trump followers attitudes on theviews the likes of sexism, authoritarianism and Islamophobia differs from that of Clinton,influence of Islamophobia is strong in Trumps followers (Blair, 2016). TrumpsMuslims hate during the atmosphere of terror incidents make the environmenteven more intense which influence his presidential campaign (Beydoun, 2017).Brooks,R. A, claims that Muslim inhabitants or citizens of the US symbolise to a veritable and developing terror threat to American society, especially in theirassumed readiness or depicted object to execute dangerous assaults in the US. It doesntseem that Muslim Americans are progressively influenced or estimable of involvingterror assaults against their inhabitants (Brooks, 2011).Thisstudy revealed that of media coverage of such terror incidents are based on theconcept of portrayal Islam as a culture and religion of violence and fear,while US is a great Christian country. Coverage of terrorism highlightscontrast in religion, demonizing Muslims and civilising Christians. Fatalitiesof terror were characterized as innocent, imploring, Christian, andotherworldly in a hardly a(prenominal) ways, being slaughtered, harmed or frightened by wickedMuslim terrorist. In the US Media coverage take care in creating a sense oftriviality of domestic terrorism and highlights devout contrasts that contributeto a holy war, while upgrading a culture of fear of Muslims and Islam (Powell,2011).Long-termand short-term revelation to media labelling of Muslims as terrorists increasesrecognitionsof Muslims as destructive, which in turn incrementsbolsterfor policies that hurt Muslims locally and globally (Saleem, Prot, Anderson,Lemieux, 2017).Theoccasionsof 9/11 constrainedthe medias hand to cover the Muslimand Arab minorities more regularly. This moreover caused the press to show newsconsumers with a more inclusive picture of these groups. One consequence wasthat the news media allowed Muslim-Americans more access after 9/11, and individualsofthis minority made themselves accessible to the media (Nacos &Torres- Reyna, 2003).Theaugment of Islamophobia in the West has raised concerns among analystsandpolicymakers. While the standard media and a few political leaders relate Islamwith savagery, the reports by noticeable organizations focus upon a commonloathe of Muslims. An initial look at the clear figures uncovered that Hesperiancitizens hold dissimilar approaches of Islamophobic outlooks and these views froma general mite around Muslims to the discernment of Muslims as compassionateof terrorist organizations (Ciftci, 2012).Being a victim of such formsof biasness on so-so(predicate) basis can prompt character issues. The effort ofcombining and absorbingtwo diversesocietiescan regularlyfeel like an amusementof tug of war for Muslim Americans Youth (Al-Hamdani).Dueto Trumps hate towards Muslims general public of America believes trump is asolution to the Muslim hassle in the west. But in reality since his electioncampaign and after the presidency situation stared to retrieve worsened as he has no understandingof basic human rights or the respect for the different religions and the people(Greene, 2016). Theterms such as terrorist and guerilla which were endorsed by American Mediaafter 9/11 as public relies on Media for information so this framing influencedthe public opinion (Eid, & Karim 2011). US affect to realise that real enemyis not Islam nor the Muslims in US its their ignorance (Bennett, 2016).Islamophobia or hatred towards Muslims is not going to make America great again(Carlson, 2016).Hypothesis President Trumps entire political careerand his success in 2017 elections was based on Islamophobia. Muslims in America are more vulnerable tobigotry and Islamophobia as a result of Donald Trumps behaviour and actions. Trump call for Shutting Down MosquesInthe wake of Paris terrorist attacks Donald Trump called for shutting down the Mosques.Trump manifold Down On Closing Mosques Were Gonna Have No Choice (VIDEO). Thusresulting in increased in directly attacks on mosques. This surged once againin December, 2015 which resultantly increased the number of attacks on mosquesand Islamic schools dramatically as compare to the beginning of presidentialcampaign. In most cases the suspects were public supporters of presidential candidateDonald Trump. This political rhetoric created fertile ground for hatred and fearagainst Muslims in US. These attacks on mosques and Islamic institutes sends astrong message all over the world that Muslims are not welcome and not safe inthe American society (Abdelkader).Trump Supporters are more likely to be IslamophobicInrelapses to anticipate select for Clinton or Trump, attitude measures were the strongest,noteworthy indicators of voting eagerly. The design would lead one to anticipatesocial federal agency introduction to altogether foresee voting for Trump, but dueto the overpowering quality of Islamophobia in anticipating votes for Trump,social dominance introduction did not come out as a critical indicator ofv oting for Trump vs. all others. People were more than 3 times more likely tovote for Trump for 2/4 each amount they expanded on the Islamophobia scale and2.6 times more likely to be undecided or voting for a third party candidate foreach step that they diminished on the Islamophobia scale (Blair, 2016). All Terrorists Are MuslimsThisbiased media depiction implies that Muslims are more inclined towards violenceand hatred thusly making them a threat to US and other western societies. Hence,it is important to part the general perceptions about Muslims from morespecific approaches linking Muslims to aggression and terrorism (Ciftci). Associationof Islam with terrorism seems to be accepted as part of the communication onsecurity and terrorism, so much that the words Muslim and terrorist havebecome almost identical (Eid & Karim, 2011). This description of allMuslims as one psychological species, awfully chronological as it is, can atthat point be utilized regularlyinterfaceMuslimoutrag ewithall the ills of Islam, repeating the same xenophobia this time inpseudo-psychological discussion (Humphrys, 2012). Mass media links Islam andMuslims, with terrorism, portrait the religion and the group most normally as irrational,fundamentalist, and/or inclined to receptive aggression (Jackson). why this was happening and what was theorigin? Trump may not be the reason for making situation worse for Muslims inUS but he didnt help either (Bennett, 2016).Trumps racial electioncampaign Theracist factor during Trumps election campaign help his throughout his entirepolitical career. It is really ironic that in the most developed country likeUS a person like Trump can win with majority, most of the researchers believesthat Trump won the elections due to his racism and Islamophobic stance and itwas due to his attitude that caused the uprising and protest in throughout USeven when his votes were being counted (OFarrell, 2017). What makes this evenmore threatening is that Trump is ver y bold, open and vocal about his sapidityabout anything (Carlson, 2016).No White People Are TerroristsIntodays mass societies individuals are indeed more reliant on the news sincethey have nowhere else to turn for information about general affairs and for guidelineson how to perceive and decipher that information (Neuman, Russell, Just & Crigler1996). AMuslim responsible for aggression that expresses awe for previous massshooters and writes those that allow their divinity to be mocked have no Godwould instantly be branded a terrorist. A white Christian accountable foraggression that expresses adoration for the Charleston attacker and who composethat exceptional sentence, however, is not (Corbin).The Washington Post portrays assault against Western European targets(2015-2016), and assault against Muslim majority communities, differently. Incovering assaults on France and Belgium, The Post utilized terrorism framesto uprise coverage while constantly humanizing victims and drawing associationsbetween European societies and the Western world more usually. Assaults against bomb calorimeter and Nigeria were covered less significantly and were mainly portrayed asdomestic clash (el-Nawawy & Elmasry). Accordingly, journalists, editors andproducers in the news media make decisions persistently about who, how and whatto displayin the news such choices are affected by their organizationsstandard workingmethods(Nacos &Torres-Reyna, 2003). Major networks in US rarely aired helpful contentfor Muslims incomplete externally nor internally. Important issues thatconsider on the news about Muslims involve residential security, worldwide clashes,and terrorism (Al-Hamdani, Y, 2016).The Islamophobic Trumps AdministrationTrumpshate and bigotry which laid foundation to his political career has now reachedWhite House. His team includes some Islamophobics like Steve cast asidenon, Michael Flynn,and Sebastian Gorka. Trump support and inclination towards Muslims has boost hateful el ements to act freely against Muslims (Patel &Levinson-Waldman, 2017). Subjugation of Muslim WomenInthe evolution of chronological Islamophobia to gendered Islamophobia, JulianeHammer outlined the complications of Islamophobia focussed towards Muslim womenin America. She makes the case that gender, as a social develop, is depicted asMuslim men being brutal terrorists and Muslim women being dominated by Muslimmen thus the need for Muslim women to be liberate from their religion and civilization(Ernst, 2013). Instead of the fact that social customs shifts broadly, numerousnon-Muslims have tended to view the role of women as permanent and homogenous,and western societies deliver a set of presumptions and depictions about theIslamic custom of covering for ladies which build it as a representation ofbackwardness, spiritual fundamentalism, potent domination, and terrorism (Watt, 2012).Discrimination among White Terrorists & Muslim TerroristsReportingof terrorist incidents shows a design of media coverage of terrorism in whichfear of global terrorism is central, mainly as Muslims=Arabs=Islam functioning mutuallyin structured terrorist cells in opposition to Christian America, whereas householdterrorism is radiate as a slight danger that occurs in confined occurrences by disturbedpeople (Powell). As Glenn Greenwald wrote in Salon (2011) What it says is whatweve seen over an over that terrorism has no purposeful meaning and, in anycase in American political conversations, has come partially to mean aggressioncommitted by Muslims whom the West loathes, no matter the reason or the objective.Undoubtedly, in many media circles, argument of the Oslo assault rapidlymorphed from this is Terrorism (when it was accepted Muslims did it) to no,this isnt Terrorism, just extremism (once it got to be likely that Muslimsdidnt). The Politics of IslamophobiaThese political views of Trump were shared byprecedence Presidents and pioneers as well (Beydoun, 2017). Western citizens seeMus lims as obsessive, aggressive and supportive of terrorism because they believethem to be hostile to their physiologic well-being and social set. This feelingis used by media and right-wing leaders to nourish the xenophobia of anew variety (Ciftci, 2012). The media also reportedthat pioneers like President Bush and New Yorks Mayor Rudi Giuliani adviceAmericans not to express their rage toward cultural and devoutminorities. It appears that these reports did not obliterate the publics questionsregarding Muslim- and Arab-Americans patriotism (Nacos,& Torres-Reyna, 2003).Ban on MuslimsOnMarch 6, 2017, Trump issued an executive order that hits Muslims. This ban hasa variety of negative outcomes and more far reaching consequences. It reinforcesthe idea of Islamophobia in the country, thus the US administration is responsiblefor promoting hate against Muslims not only in the US but the whole world. Thefirst executive order, January 2017 faced protests by disheartened Americansacross the U S. Trump administrations unjust ban on Muslims community helpedMuslims American in gaining sympathetic support among Americas mainstream. (Jamal,2017).ConclusionLackof interest and knowledge regarding Muslims, their culture, norms and valuesleads to a manipulative Islamophobia. Muslims must be sentient that in the viewof Non Muslims they represent themselves collectively not individually. Mediashould play a vital role in negating such anti-Muslim propagandas. Balancednews reporting of Muslims, in the US as well as internationally, can decreasethe perception that Muslims are supporting terrorism or extremist activities.The Muslim community is diverse in US in many aspects of race, class or creedso associating an individual, as a Muslim on the basis of their appearance isnot usually accurate. When society assumes that all Muslims practices samereligious practices and convictions, they are making the judgment thatfundamentally all the Muslim community is same there no distinction betwe en theindividuals of that bunches and all of them are inalienably homogeneous.Whyprecisely is this fear and hate occurring in spite of the fact that and whereis it coming from? Trump isnt the reason Americans are undermining Muslims andmosques in specific all through the US, but he isnt making a differenceeither. After each incident that happens including a terror assault, hatecrimes emerge. An article by Corky Siemaszko from NBC found that after theParis assaults, 38 anti-Muslim assaults happened in the blink of an eye fromthere on. 18 of those assaults happened straightforwardly after the December2nd butcher in San Bernardino as well. Politically incorrect statements likethis are fueling the fire of the fear and hatred the American people arefeeling.Thegeneralizations that are circulated in the media may not have hurtful expectation,but they are maligning Muslims picture in the western society and may lead toclandestine and obvious separation on interpersonal levels. Representatio ns inUS media of Islam and Muslims exactly scratch the surface when it comes to thediffering qualities of the community, around the world in Middle East, in UN,and in other Western and Eastern nations. Thematic, logical, and criticallessons in media education must complement the formal educational programsalmost Islam to optimize the dynamic mindfulness and basic gathering of what iseventually depicted as ordinary to think almost Muslims in the mass media. Itwill suffice to say that Donald Trump due to his hatred towards Muslims hasmade the situation in the USA for Muslims worst after terrorism attacks inCalifornia and San Bernardino. He manipulates and takes advantage from theseattack which are committed by Muslim to provoke anti Muslims elements and gaintheir favour like he did during his elections campaign by announcing a ban on Muslimfrom entering US. Due to which the anti-Muslims elements side with and castvote for him, his Islamophobic actions contribute to his political care er andsuccess making the life of Muslims in US worse and worse day by day. ReferencesAl-Hamdani, Y. (2016). Islamophobia andthe young Muslim American experience (Doctoral dissertation, Middle TennesseeState University).Abdelkader, E. (2016). When Islamophobiaturns tough the 2016 US presidential elections.Brooks, R. A. (2011). Muslim homegrownterrorism in the United States how serious is the threat?. InternationalSecurity, 36(2), 7-47.Blair, K. L. (2016). A basket ofdeplorables? A new study finds that Trump supporters are more likely to beIslamophobic, racist, transphobic and homophobic. USAppAmerican Politics andPolicy Blog.Beydoun, K. 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