Chile’s economy Essay

According to the CIA world fact book, Chile is located in the southern part of South America and it borders the South Pacific Ocean. It is endowed with natural resources like copper, iron ore, timber as well as precious metals. A brief history of Chile’s people in terms of their literacy levels and demographics is vital in as far as understanding any economy is concerned. Chile’s population as at July 2008 stood at 16 454 143 with the highest proportion in terms of age structure being from the 15-64 years category, the dependent age group 0-14 account for 23. 6% and those aged 65 and above account for 8. 8%. This is a plus to her economic growth as a large proportion is comprised of energetic or productive people. The population growth rate according to CIA estimates was 0. 905% while the death rate and birth rate were 14. 82 birth/1000 and 5. 77 deaths/1000 population respectively. (CIA, 2008). Chile records a very high literacy level at 95. 7% for the total population with makes recording a slightly higher rate by 0. 2% CIA further noted that Chile’s government spent approximately 3. 2% of the country’s GDP on education in 2006. This paper focuses on Chile’s economy; of much importance will be the economic reforms that took place, as well as trade and its effects on her economic progress. In his distinguished book ‘Economic reforms in Chile’, Ricardo noted that since her independence Chile remained stable politically as well as economically thus being the envied state in the Latin America. Chile survived the constant extent shocks or forces beyond her control and modernized her institutions while ensuring increased economic progress. Inequalities in incomes were visible as early as 1970’s as the emerging middle class that lived in the urban areas grew. (Ffrench-Davis R, 2002). The inequalities in income distribution precipitated the increased political developments to rectify the situation to an extent that the political development did not match the economic progress. Effros in ‘Current Legal Issues Affecting Central Banks’ noted that Chile’s economic reforms started as early as the 1970s and before this period the state owned companies had a significant role in the countries economic growth. (Effros R, 1995). Before the World War 1 erupted Chile was recording a positive and diversified economic growth and the economic elite influenced the consumption trends. The growth was blamed on trade where exports were quite significant and so were the spill over effects on the economy. Before the direct depression hit Chile’s economy was among the most developed within the Latin America region in terms of per capita income and social transformation. Some people argue that Chile was among the most adversely hit countries by the great depression as when the thriving trade declined her terms of trade remained low up to the 1960’s. (Ffrench-Davis R, 2002). An industrial expansion in the early 50’s revived the country’s economic growth. The adverse effects of the Great depression especially on the trade sector were minimized by the economic policies put in place by the government. During the era of President Alessandri Palma a conservatist, fiscal measures as well as trade controls were put in place to counter the effects of a recession. There was need to develop new industries especially on the critical sectors like electric power and fuel as well as the human capital. During this period there was a general consensus that the state would effectively ensure that the situation was rectified. Problems experienced during this time included the stagnation of the agricultural sector and the unbalanced emphasis on imports substitution was to blame for the prevailing balance of payment. In the 1950’s there was a significant inflation rate precipitating the need for economic reforms. The Carlos Ibanez, government lost its popularity due to the prevailing economic conditions that people protested in the streets. (Ffrench-Davis R, 2002).

Media Violence Outline Essay

I. Introduction A. Thesis Statement You are what you watch. Easy to say, and not too difficult to imagine either. A little over a decade ago, two boys who later became household names in America, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold walked into Columbine High School in Colorado and went on a mass murdering spree where they killed 12 students, 1 teacher and injured 23 others before shooting themselves (Anderson & Dill, 2008). While their motives behind doing so cannot be ascertained, one possible contributing element which did surface was the influence of violent video games. At the risk of oversimplifying what is possibly a complex psychological minefield, Harris and Klebold did enjoy playing a game called Doom, which is licensed by the American military for the purpose of training soldiers to kill effectively. Harris had customized his own version of this game and put it up on his website, which was later tracked by The Simon Wisenthal Center (Anderson & Dill, 2008). This version of the game had two shooters with an unlimited supply of weapons and ammunition, and their targets lacked the ability to retaliate. A class project required them to make a video of themselves similar to the game, and in it, they dressed in trench coats, armed with weapons, and conduct the massacre of school athletes. Less than one year had gone by when Harris and Klebold played their videotape out, in real life, and became the protagonists of the deadliest high school shooting in U.S. history (Anderson & Dill, 2008). II. Body paragraph #1 There is nothing new about the presence of violence in our tools of entertainment. Whether they were ancient Greek dramas, theatre in the Elizabethan era or the modern electronic dramas of today, a healthy dose of violence was never missing. In Macbeth for instance, Shakespeare showed Macbeth’s head being brought on stage at the end of the play (Bushman & Anderson, 2001). The Great Train Robbery, an 11-minute film directed by Edwin S. Porter was the first firm considered to tell a story in a systematic manner. In one scene, he shows an intense scene where a cowboy fires a pistol directly at the camera, which when first showed to audiences, had them running out of the theaters in disarray and fear (Bushman & Anderson, 2001). A. Since the advent of media itself, there have been countless studies on the connection between depiction of violence in media and its occurrence in real life. B. Discussions, debates, conclusions and grey areas have all been further examined and while television is the most prominent target of accusations, comic books, jazz, rock and roll music and video games have not escaped blame either. C. Research on this topic started as early as the 1960s when television was a recent entrant in the media fray and a causal connection has been derived between media violence and aggressive behavior. III. Body paragraph #2 Opponents fuss over the definition and measurement of media violence, does actual physical bodily harm constitute violence or can a threatening statement also be deemed so? Then, does media violence cause aggression, or are the two simply associated? Consistency of the relationship also causes doubts over agreed upon data when the example of Japan is quoted, where violent media is extremely common, yet crime rates are significantly low  (Anderson & Dill, 2008). Then is media solely to blame for violence in society? Doesn’t that take the blame away from a lot of other contributing factors in society itself and make the argument generally unrealistic? A. All these issues and thorny areas can be settled by the simple logic of the social learning theory which proposes that when people see that a certain behavior causes positive or desired results, there is a high probability of them imitating and enacting that behavior (in this case, violent) themselves (Anderson & Dill, 2008). B. So while the strength of the relationship and the presence of other factors and the measurement of violence itself can be debated till the end of time, the fact remains, when children view aggressive behavior and violence in cartoons, video games, movies, as well as on the internet, it encourages similar tendencies in them and these children are more likely to be aggressive as children and later as adults. C. Research started as early as 1956 when researchers analyzed and compared the behavior of 24 children, half of whom had watched an episode of the cartoon Woody Woodpecker with distinct depictions of aggressive behavior, while the other half were exposed to the cartoon The Little Red Hen which did not depict any violence at all (Huesmann. 2003). IV. Body paragraph #3 Studies have also shown that the kind of violence which affects their psyche and causes them to model their behavior as depicted in media is when they can associate real life with the situation depicted, because they can identify with the character responsible for the violence and observe him/her/it getting rewarded for the violence. A. Research conducted by Boyatzis, Matillo and Nesbit (Gunter & McAleer, 1997) proved earlier theories about media violence getting encoded in the cognitive map of viewers and subsequently instigating violent thoughts and acts upon repeated viewings. B. The popular children’s series Mighty Morphin Power Rangers was used to prove that after watching a single episode from this show, children incorporated more aggression into their play with other children. C. Results showed that children who had seen the episode became significantly more aggressive at play the following day as compared to the children from the control group: V. Body paragraph #4 TV is not the sole culprit in this regard. Other mediums and tools of entertainment have an equal role to play. In â€Å"Effects of Video Games on Aggressive Thoughts and Behaviors During Development†, Koojimans (2004) explains the General Aggression Model – the name coined for the phenomenon which explains how video games and their depictions of violence influence people and make them more susceptible of indulging in violent behavior themselves. This model elaborates on how various situational and personological factors combine to influence a person’s internal state which includes his thoughts, feelings and physical arousals (Koojimans, 2004). A. Research conducted on video games by Nicoll and Kieffer, presented to the American Psychological Association as â€Å"Violence in Video Games: A Review of the Empirical Research† found that youth upon playing a violent video game, if only for a short while, displayed more aggressive behavior than before (Nicoll & Kieffer, 2005). B. Another study was conducted with more than 600 students of 8th and 9th grade as participants and showed that children who played more video games also had more of a tendency to get involved in arguments with their seniors and other teachers, and they would also be more likely to get into physical rows with their peers (Nicoll & Kieffer, 2005). C. Not only that but it was also found that children who spent more time watching video games imitate the characters they acted out in the video game and their moves while playing with their friends. VI. Conclusion The plethora of research knowledge available about the effects of violence in the media definitely supports initial concerns about media violence as well as the efforts to control its harmful effects. While causality can be debated till time eternal, what can’t be denied and what should absolutely not be brushed under the carpet for any longer is that a steady diet of violence does in fact instigate violent tendencies in viewers, be it through violent television programs, movies, cartoons, video games or any other forms of entertainment which incorporate violence in various forms. Media today plays a key role in nourishing children’s minds, and for the larger case of public health and societal betterment, we need to ensure that we provide more nourishing fare for our children and youth. Reducing their exposure to violent media is definitely the first step in the right direction, with the potential to yield positive benefits. An intervention is needed before we start reaping the seeds of aggression and rebellion that have been planted in young minds owing to careless media policies. References Anderson, Craig and Karen Dill. â€Å"Video Games and Aggressive Thoughts, Feelings, and Behavior in the Laboratory and in Life.† Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 78 (2008): 772-790. Bushman, Brad and Craig Anderson. â€Å"Media Violence and the American Public: Scientific Fact Versus Media Misinformation† American Psychologist 56 (2001): 477-489. Gunter, Barry and Jill McAleer. Children and Television (second edition), Routledge: London, 1997. Huesmann, L. Rowell, Jessica Moise-Titus, Cheryll-Lynn Podolski, and Leonard Eron. â€Å"Longitudinal Relations between Children’s Exposure to TV Violence and their Aggressive and Violent Behavior in Young Adulthood: 1977-1992.† Developmental Psychology 39 (2003): 201-221. Kooijmans, Thomas. â€Å"Effects of Video Games on Aggressive Thoughts and Behaviors During Development†. Rochester Institute of Technology. 2004 Nicoll, Jessica and Kevin M. Kieffer. â€Å"Violence in Video Games: A Review of the Empirical Research.† Presentation to the American Psychological Association, August 2005.

East Asian History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

East Asian History - Essay Example A man is allowed to marry if his wife fails to give birth to a baby boy. People use to sold their daughters if they want to work in the lands of rich land lords. The subject of this paper and my ancestor is one of those poor women who struggled hard to live her life, the one who loved her daughters and value them. She had to bear pain of foot binding and post marriage customs but she didn't give up and continued to work hard and serve her family and children. I was glad to know by my mother that my ancestors lived in song dynasty as I was very fond of knowing about ancient China specially song dynasty. My ancestor was born when the country was under Confucius rule, so according to the traditions she was named "daughter no 2" as she was the second daughter of her parents Her father was a farmer and she daily saw her mother working harder than her father and other males. Her mother loved her a lot as she had to sell her elder daughter (daughter no 1) to a rich land owner in order to earn bread and butter by farming on their land. It was one of the happiest days of her life when she takes the first step and gets clothes to wear and straw shoes by her mother first time since she was born. It was made up of hemp (the cheapest material). While playing with her friends in the land, she was deeply impressed by the silk material wore by the daughter of the land lord and wishes to express her desire but was scared as she never saw her mother expre ssing anything My ancestor loves to play with children's living in the vicinity " such as flying kites and sliding down a stairway railing, to activities meant to emulate the adult males around them - playing the zither, writing poetry, and enacting a ritual washing of the Buddha."1 . As she grew up she had to wear old clothes of her mother. She always wore her hairs in two coils. She was amazed one day when unexpectedly her father took her to the market and was excited to see shopkeepers as' "one merchant is raising banners above his shop, another is supervising the unloading of grain sacks from transport boats on the Canal. Another individual is getting dressed, and the establishments, many of which seem to be for eating and drinking, seem on the whole relatively deserted2 . She looked strangely when she saw a person walking with them with his young son and another man came and did a strange practice. She asked her father what the man did and he replied that this is a tradition: "When a father goes out The son must follow behind If on a road he meets a senior He puts his feet together and joins his hand In front of a senior, He does not spit on a ground"3 She became happy as she thought his father will ignore her question now she expected something more from he father and thought he might buy something for her but her excitement comes to an end when her feet were binded. When my ancestor grew up she thought that it is said that Confucius tells us how to"act in accordance with the principle of humanity"4 then why she and other girls have to face this inhuman act of foot binding. When my ancestor turns 19 her mother told her that the greatest duty of women is to have a son. On one morning

Gender Equality and Social Institutions in USA and United Arab Essay

Gender Equality and Social Institutions in USA and United Arab Emirates - Essay Example It is clear from the discussion that in both USA and United Arab Emirates the education system followed in English, even though Arabic is taught in UAE. USA is famous as superpower and UAE is famous for its oil wealth. Both the countries are well known as the tourist destination. Both America and UAE has a large population of expatriates and is haven for migrant workers who look for better prospects in life and career. Just like America, UAE also consists of different states which are called â€Å"emirate† unitedly known as UAE. The currency of UAE is closely as valuable as American Dollar. Both American and UAE have a high living expense and high standard of living. The citizens of UAE like Americans lead a comfortable and quality life. Both these countries have a strict law system and criminals are punished severely once convicted. UAE like America has a population of an indigenous tribe who were early descendants of the country. In general USA and UAE, both allow freedom of religion to its citizens. The population of UAE is also similar to Americans in food habit as they love junk food. They too like Americans mainly follow a meat-based diet along with vegetables. Since UAE like the USA is a very modern, free-market country, people enjoy indulging in new products and different varieties of fast foods. For the very same reason, both countries have high obesity rates among citizens. The primary and prominent difference between both the countries is the religion they follow. UAE is an Islamic country and USA is predominantly a country which follows Christianity.UAE has Islamic laws governing the country whereas the USA is a secular nation. American is a highly liberal nation and gives complete freedom to its citizens whereas, UAE nationals are bound by Islamic laws. The USA has a government system whereas UAE is ruled by royal family of the nation. The national language of USA is English whereas UAE follows Arabic as their national language. The USA is a country with regions of varied geographical nature and climate, but UAE is a desert region and most part of the year is hot and humid. The geographical area of both these countries also varies drastically. USA is a huge country whereas UAE is a tiny country.UAE nationals unlike Americans are family oriented and are closely connected with family members. Among UAE nationals, the private functions are attended by men and women separately. The marriage ceremonies and other functions are truly Islamic law based. When it comes to the costume of UAE nationals they follow traditional outfit whereas American is casual and trendy in their dress sense. One will only find UAE men in white robe and women in a Black hijab with a veil on their face. America is famous for its pop culture and fast life but UAE follows Bedouin culture and lives a life which is medium paced.UAE imposes a restriction on dressing code, alcohol, and vulgarity in public while America is pretty much liberal.

No need for topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

No need for topic - Essay Example In ‘Underneath At All’ section, Jack Welch talks about mission and values, Candor differentiation and voice along with dignity. The ‘Your Company’ section is characterized by the aspects of leadership, hiring, people management and crisis management among others. Then again, ‘Your Competition’ deals with aspects such as strategy, budgeting and six sigma among others which are vital for remaining successful within a competitive landscape. Finally, ‘Your Career’ comprises the aspects such as right job, hard spots and work life balance (Welch 1-363). Opinion. From personal opinion, it can be stated that the book is about ‘winning’. The author Jack Welch has provided several key ideas regarding what it takes an organization and an individual to win. It also provided information about ethical aspects and the requirements to win in an honest way. An entire section of the book is allocated to describe the concepts of mission and values of an organization and the requirement to implant them in the organizational work culture (Welch 1-363). The book provides various good lessons concerning leadership and strategy. The author describes eight great things which successful leaders usually do. One of the overwhelming topics of the book is Candor, which is a truly influential ability for an individual. By reading the book, it is understood that Candor can assist in including more people in discussion, generating speed in work and reducing expenses. Furthermore, Candor can also remove unproductive politics in the organizational environment. However, this book acknowledges that if Candor is not utilized properly, it can ruin the organizational as well as career life (Welch 1-363). The most important facet of the book is that it discusses about winning from both personal as well as corporate viewpoint. For example, success of an employee can have a direct impact on the success of an

Evidence-Based Practice Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Evidence-Based Practice Project - Assignment Example It would be appropriate to get consent or approval for the potential subjects because most of them will not be of legal age. It would be appropriate to seek approval from the relevant institutions such as the school administration or the parents to ensure that the process of implementing the solution is legal and addresses issues of confidentiality and ethical consideration. This project will take about three to four months to carry out because there are several aspects that must be covered to ensure that the potential solution is well addressed in terms of risks and potential benefits. The timeline will cover aspects such as the identification of the population for study, identification of the potential study group, and selection of the subjects from the sample among other aspects. This will allow for proper decision-making on whether to fully implement the solution (Cooke-Davies, 2002). The implementation of the proposed solution will require different resources to ensure that it is done in the required manner. First, human resource will be required in terms of the subjects that will be used as the study participants. As already stated, these will be taken from teenagers. The human resource will also feature research assistants who will help me collect the data and results from the chosen group. Secondly, I will need fiscal resources to cover the expenses that will be needed for instance printing of materials, searching and looking for the echocardiography machines, movement when administering the research among others. Time will also be a resource, as it will be needed here. Changes might be needed in the implementation of the solution. For example, a study subject might decide not to participate at the middle of the intervention calling for inclusion of a new subject, the machines could not be readily be available or the fiscal resource could be limited. However, such changes will be determined in the

Thesis amendments Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Amendments - Thesis Example nglish is focused primarily on just learning the language without any reference to or intention of learning cultures associated with English, even if some cultural scenarios are included in the textbooks analysed. There also appears to be an inconsistency in the objective of the KSA Department of Education pertinent to English teaching in Saudi Arabia. Finally, it has been found out that studying English does not affect the learners’ appreciation of the Arabic culture. These results have been arrived at via the application of discourse analysis, which is the research methodology used, to some of the books used in teaching English in Saudi Arabia. The books that have been subjected to discourse analysis are Say It In English Series (SIIE) and English for Saudi Arabia Series (EFS). No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main text of the thesis. This thesis has not been submitted for the award of any degree or diploma in any other tertiary institution. I am heartily thankful to my supervisor, Dr. Howard Nicholas, whose continuous support and encouragement helped me a lot to acquire the basic skills of writing my thesis. Also I am grateful for his unlimited help even in weekends. This study examines the English cultural elements presented in two Saudi English learning textbook series. Chapter one introduces the general background to teaching and learning English in Saudi Arabia, the cultural challenges this presents. It then identifies the main problem involved and the states the purpose of the study as well. Chapter two develops and discusses some arguments using secondary research regarding the integration of English and its culture and general views of how the foreign culture can be introduced. The historical background gives an overview of the important relationship between language and culture, discusses the rationale for and measures taken for providing protection to the native culture, details the Saudi experience, and

Contemporary American Television Drama Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Contemporary American Television Drama - Essay Example 215). For instance, the CSI Miami production team show the season three episode â€Å"Lost  Son† under unfavorable weather (SPEIER, M., 2002, p. 33). However, photography heads managed to integrate rain in the episode’s narration and embarked on new measures to capture as much natural light as possible (Gray and Lotz, 2011, p. 31). The set design of CSI Miami organizes and personifies space to differentiate between scenes shot inside artificial set designs and those shot outdoors (Campaiola, 2008, p. 2). For instance, the â€Å"Lost  Son† shows a precinct within a stunning glass building where CSI investigators collect scientific proof and brainstorm to solve a crime. Here, every specialist is allotted his or her own special, calculated space for work (Fiske, 2010, p. 87). For instance, a coroner gets the freezing room because he deals with mostly dead organic matter that needs preservation, the detective gets a computer area or desk, and the DNA expert gets a lab (OWEN, 2003). Such set designs weave into the show’s narration almost perfectly since they organize character roles and facilitate their effectiveness (MCNUTT, 2011, p. 60). The outdoors set design for the same episode entails Miami city, a metropolitan that harbors many criminals and potential suspects (GELINEAU, K., 2005). Campaiola, JG 2008, â€Å"Why French Television Drama Lags Behind: A Multiperspectival Approach,† Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, TBA, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Online . 2014-11- 10

PhD Proposal The Effect of learning English in an early age on the Essay

PhD Proposal The Effect of learning English in an early age on the phonological errors in EFL Saudi classes - Essay Example his can cause a great deal of strain in the efforts to communicate in English when pronunciation is diminished because of difficulties with forming English words through a tongue that is trained to form sound within the framework of another language. Learning a second language at an earlier age may diminish this effect as the ability to form language can be more easily manipulated. Phonological errors occur when syllables are either missed or not pronounced within a communication. The forms of these errors can include, but not necessarily be limited to errors involving consonants, vowels, substitutions, additions, omissions, movements, exchanges, prosody (the metrical sound of the way that the language is formed), metathesis (the transposition of letters, sounds, or syllables), or non-contextual errors where there seems to be no definable source (Jaeger, 2005, p 147). According to Binturki (2008), the most common phonological errors that are found in Saudi speakers within their use of the English Language are with the interdentally fricative /v/ and to some degree with the /p/ and /i/. As well, the positions of certain words created difficulty form many users of the English language with the common Arabic dialect of Nadji as their primary language (p. i). The proposed study will be based upon the study done by Tiono and Yostanto (2008) on the phonological errors that were common among Indonesian speaking students when learning the English language (p. 80). The study was centrally focused on the English consonantal sounds that do not exist in the Indonesian language. The researchers identified six specific sounds that were absent in Indonesian and therefore caused difficulty for these students who had completed six courses of education in English (Tiono and Yostanto, 2008, p. 81). An auditory examination was given to 25 students from a private university in East Java, Indonesia where the phonological differences could be appreciated through listening to the

Effective Global Leadership Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Effective Global Leadership - Coursework Example They acknowledge that being bold is the primary element for steering the organization upwards. In addition, autocratic managers have all the attention directed to them. Like Richard Branson, Virgin Atlantic, autocratic managers are great visionaries and appreciate that boldness is critical to establish and maintain a global profile. Autocratic managers are technocrats. They understand their leadership style as part of their personality. In addition, they acknowledge that leadership stems from adhering to their natural strengths. Therefore, autocratic managers are strengths-savvy. Contrary to being strengths savvy and bold, autocratic managers stick to their leadership style. They believe that adopting other leadership styles would be contradictory. It would be against their natural strengths to stretch autocratic leadership to accommodate other leadership styles such as the Laissez-faire and democratic leadership. Similar to being bold, autocratic managers are visionaries. They set the direction in a compelling manner. Autocratic managers are known to be trustworthy, and employees rely on the objectives set for effective business performance. Therefore, autocratic managers possess the basic needs of followers; that is, be â€Å"going somewhere.† Autocratic managers are not conscious of human and social contribution. In addition, they limit the ability of employees to be innovative, rather focus on their opinion towards securing a resilient future for the organization. Like all managers, autocratic managers are balanced in terms of sustainable thought and action. They appreciate the consequences of their leadership style and strive to focus on the long-term objective of global recognition. All managers adopting a specific or multiple leadership styles should strive for empowerment. It is rather hypothetical to strive for global recognition while suppressing the need for employee empowerment. Employees need to grow within

Rebellion and Social Norms Among Youth Essay Example for Free

Rebellion and Social Norms Among Youth Essay Young people have a tendency not to comply with any laws when it’s come to their wellbeing. Young people always try to express their opinions and restrain from obeying their leaders which sometimes lead to a disaster result of their poor decisions in life. According to Gary Schwartz book, explain what happens in Sammy’s mind and what causes the reaction of quitting his job at the end (Schwartz 55). Therefore, the issue of young people is rebellion against their social norms is the central theme of the â€Å"AP† john Updike story. At the beginning of the story, Sammy is fully within his place in society as a whole (Saldana 95). Meaning that he is just an average teenager with an average job in a small town where everyone knows each other. At that time, Sammy was a cashier at a supermarket named AP in a small town north of Boston in 1961. There begins Sammy’s rebellion when the trio of girls enter the supermarket with bathing suits on and barefoot. After the girls enter the Supermarket and walk in every department to look for the item they need. Lengel the manager of the supermarket approaches the girls and lectures them on what they are wearing on them inside of the supermarket. After the girls walk away, Sammy gets mad and decides to quit his job at this point. Sammy unleashes an impression identity style behavior against Lengel (Schwartz 35). Which mean Sammy feels for the first time in his life that he has to let go his timidity and confront Lengel without thinking of his action to get Queenie attention. The way Lengel undresses the girls with his eyes make Sammy sick to his stomach. That is what triggers Sammy’s anger to react as if he does not care of what happens to him. As long he receives Queenie’s attention, it’s enough for him. Today, young people wear any kind of clothes that attract people’s attention. Sometimes the way they dress can be very provocative. Even though Sammy is gloomy at the beginning of the story, he begins to feel his happiness at the end but not the way he has plan it would be for his action. Sammy has gone from being judgmental to a hero Fritz 2 and then he starts regretting his decisions (Saldana 96). He experiences a transformation; he knows that life will be harder for him hereafter. That is why an old priest of Haiti said â€Å"one must never act in conformity with society and should be willing to take risks†. Meaning a wrong move at any time can make the society reject you. Social class structures have a significant role in this story and can be viewed as one of the norms that Sammy is rebelling against (Schwartz 45). Perhaps in Lengel mind, he thinks that they come from a low class family that does not teach them how to act in public. When Lengel makes it his business to reprimand Queenie and the other girls, she maintains her stubborn comportment and explains that she is here to pick up an item that her mother requests her to buy. In response to this, Lengel takes a step further by first repeating himself and then explains to the girls, â€Å"We want you decently dressed when you come in here† (Updike). According to Sammy, Lengel is a heart cold person, whose interpretation of the ideal person in this society: God fearing, church people who know their place and not go against their will. It is at this point in the story that Queenie loses her bearing for the first time. Sammy’s response to this predicts that his decision to defy Lengel and the supermarket rules will be signified by his exposing his own shoulders, and that is precisely what occurs. Rebellion and social norms appear to have an impact among young people this day. Most of the time, they stand up for what they feel is right and neglect the consequences. Sammy was able to bring attention to him, but it did not work the way that he had planned it would be. The girls most likely didn’t even know that Sammy even quit his job. He tried very hard to get Queenie to see him and accept him, but that didn’t work either. That is why people can never sympathize with Sammy’s action because it results to an act of rebellion against his social norms.

Purpose of Art Essay Example for Free

Purpose of Art Essay The quote â€Å"Anyone who says you can’t see a thought simply doesn’t know art† by Wynetka Ann Reynolds. Reynolds is saying in this quote that you need some thinking or imaginations to see or do art. I think, If someone can’t see and figure that out, how can he draw or write music ? . In this quote Reynolds is saying that the purpose of art is thinking, like an imagination, imagination is the true inspiration of art. Without imagination we can’t have art. Also without imagination other items like philosophy itself cannot exist. The Art needs imagination or thinking. Art Should need imagination, for example, young children draws something unexpected, interesting even surprising for old peoples point of view, because they have lot of imaginations. Like they draws about speaking birds, talking dogs, those imaginations will give them more inspiration which eventually led them to be creative. A photographer must imagine what the end result will look like before snap the picture. Writer must imagine what his reader will see or comprehend when they have finished reading the article. Musician, whether creating a musical piece or plying an existing piece, must imagine what the music looks and sound like, and what those who hear it will hear, see and feel. Any form of art MUST involve imagination. Imagination is used in all aspects of life. Every inventor, artist, doctor, architect, â€Å"all people† use imagination. You have to be a creative thinker to produce anything. Which did not exist before It takes vision, imagination and intelligence to implement a new concept. The Artists should use imagination to talk or express their thought. Without imagination art itself cannot exist, it just will be one of copying thing without creativity.

Parental involvement and biopsychosocial well being among children

Parental involvement and biopsychosocial well being among children This chapter will discuss the general picture of this study. Specifically, the chapter includes a general description of the purpose for this study, its relationship to current phenomena, problems related to it and last but not least, the reason this topic needs to be investigated. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between daily hassles, parental involvement and biopsychosocial well-being among children. According to the definition by World Health Orgnanization (WHO, 1948), health is a state of complete mental, physical, and social well-being and not purely the absence of disease or illness. In current study, the researcher will explore the children health outcome from the biopsychosocial perspective which focuses on the interactions between biological, psychological and social aspects of development. The biopsychosocial perspective follows the view that childrens development is influenced by hereditary and environmental factors as well. In recent years, the figure of children with negative well-being problem is on the rise (Kramer and Garralda, 2000). According to the National Health Interview Survey that was conducted in Unite States, from year 2004 to 2009, approximately 5.1% from children in the U.S aged between 4 to 17 years were reported by their primary caregivers (parents) as having serious behavioural and emotional problem (Bloom, Cohen Freeman, 2010). Besides that, the survey also showed that about one-quarter (14 million) of school-aged children that ranged from 5 years old to 17 years old were absent from school in the past 12 months due to sickness or poor health status (Bloom, Cohen Freeman, 2010). Among developing countries, Malaysia is one of the country that undergone rapid economic and social changes due to urbanization and industrialization. In year 2008, Malaysia has almost one third of the population which comprised of children under 15 years old and this proportion of individuals under 15 year s old were found to be greater than those aged over 50 (Department of Statistics, 2010). This statistic figure has implied that children are important and have vital impact on a countrys human capital development. Moreover, children well-being has always been the focus in research, practice and policy implementation and development. Thus, the alarmingly high prevalence of unhealthy well-being problems among todays children reinforce the public concern about the current health trends of children in the domains f biological, psychological and social factors. Over the past three decades, numerous research was found to support the importance of biopsychosocial perspective and clarified how biological, psychological, and social processes function together to affect a persons physical health status (Suls Rothman, 2004). Moreover, there are many signals of growth awareness from the biological, behavioural and social perspective in understanding and tackled the countrys and the worlds health problems. Besides that, over the past four decades, the health profile of children is not only focusing on infectious diseases but the focus has also been concentrating on the problem that affects overall health of the children. These problems include emotional, social, psychological, physical and school-functioning problems (Kramer, Allen, Gergen, 1995). However, little is known about the biopsychosocial well-being of children among middle childhood. Biopsychosocial well-being is a new perspective that has been derived from Engels biopsychosocial model. This model expands the biomedical model by adding in the influence of psychological and social factors to biological factor (Engel, 1977, 1980). In biopsychosocial model, it proposed that biological, psychological and social factors influence and are influenced by ones health. The biological factors include genetic characteristics and a persons physiological. These factors seek to comprehend how the cause of the illness derives from the functioning of the childrens body (Santrock, 2008). Besides biological factors, the psychological factors include behaviour and mental process of a person, which involved cognition, emotion and motivation. Behaviour and mental process play an vital role in childrens biopsychosocial well being in search for potential psychological causes such as negative thinking and emotions that relates to health problem (Santrock, 2008). Lastly, the social factor s include relationships with other people. In studying children biopsychosocial well being, social factors are used to investigate how the children interact with people such as family or community and the effect of these interaction on childrens health (Santrock, 2008). Biopsychosocial well being is an important development aspect for children. Healthy biopsychosocial well-being can lead to the development of positive attitudes towards health and quality of life. For example, if a child grows up with positive feelings, he or she would achieve healthy identity, ability to form and maintain relationships with others and handling difficulty (Rees, 2010). At the same time, a child with healthy biopsychosocial well-being can also enjoy success in school (Knitzer, 2003). Conversely, unhealthy biopsychosocial well-being will affect the growth of the children in terms of their physical, emotional, social and school functioning. For example, poor physical health status can affect the children in their school attendance and performance, ability to participate in physical activities (e.g., sport) and social development (Brown, Kinkukawa, Michelsen, Moore, Moore, Sugland, 1999). Literature has highlighted that daily hassles is related with the development of childrens biopsychosocial well-being. Daily hassles refers to minor, annoying, and disappointed daily experiences that a persons experience in response to the interaction between individual and environment (Kanner, Coyne, Schaefer, Lazarus, 1981). For example, argument with family members, feeling pressure by peers in school and homework problem. Daily hassles contribute negative outcomes and shown to be useful in predicting ones well-being (Vacek, 2010; Lu, 1991). Children who grow up in the 21st century are confronted with more stress and adjustment issues as a result of changing socio-cultural context and educational expectation. They are facing stress which relates to the examination-oriented education system. Both children and parents tend to pay more attention on education excellence than physical, emotional and health-related outcomes. So, childrens life is packed with organized activities such as after-school tuition classes and extra-curricular activities as enrichment programs (Mahoney, Harris Eccles, 2006; Molinuevo, Bonillo, Pardo, Doval Torrubia, 2010). As a result, children tend to have less time for activity that they like or outdoor activity to relax and develop healthy, balanced lifestyle. Past literature has noted the phenomena of over-scheduling of organized activity among young children, which lead to a hurried lifestyle that entails certain level of pressure and stress experience (Mahoney, Harris Eccles, 2006). Besides o f home, large portion of childrens life were spent in school. Thus, peers are integral part of children and also the major source of potential daily hassles. Therefore, relationship with peers change and social interaction are important in affecting the child well-being (Vacek, 2010). During middle childhood, home is another major domain in childrens life. Research has found that home environment is often the potential source of daily hassles in children (Corbett, 1999). At home, family is viewed as a social system. The reciprocal relationship of parent-child and siblings relationship not only provide opportunity for personal growth, it is also viewed as agent of conflict that can produce stressors to children. In sum, if a child has good cognitive development, he/she can understand the nature of stressors and learn to respond to the excess amount of stressful experiences (Corbett, 1999). Therefore, if the child is having good adaptation to the stressors, it will result in healthy biopsychosocial well-being. Put differently, if the child failed to response to the daily hassles experiences, it will lead to unhealthy biopsychosocial well-being such as health-related problem, low self-esteem, withdrawal and school difficulties (Corbett, 1999; Vacek, 2010). Over the years, many international literatures support that parental involvement is important for children, especially young children (Nokali, Bachman, and Votruba-Drzal, 2010; Hornby Witte, 2010). In the present study, these significant research findings offered evidence of a moderating or buffering role for parental involvement in daily hassles and children biopsychosocial well-being. Most of the past studies on parental involvement have focalized on the associations with academic achievement and positive associations between parental involvement and academic success have been presented repeatedly (Nokali, Bachman, and Votruba-Drzal, 2010). Currently, there is an absence of published research relevant to the middle childhood population that has examined parental involvement in childrens life, together with the experiences of daily hassles of children in promoting effective biopsychosocial well-being program. In addition, there is a major dilemma of how parents participate and putt ing their efforts in childrens well-being promotion (Perry, Luepker, Murray, Kurth, Mullis, Crockett Jacobs, 1998). Generally, parents always serve as role models for children. They influence what children learn, how children respond to the external environment, and also act as gatekeepers to both opportunities and barrier for children (Yeung Hills, 2007). Besides that, parents also are the major sources of reinforcement for children and highly instructive in childrens well-being (Yeung Hills, 2007; Klassen, Miller Fine, 2004). High level of parental involvement would safeguard children well-being against unfavourable sources such as daily hassles. Research also demonstrated that one of the factors that commonly used in determining childrens well-being is involvement of parents in their children life (Luthar Latendresse, 2005a). Furthermore, some studies are suggested to investigate the unique contributions of fathers and mothers parental involvement on childrens well-being in order to identity how would father and mother affect individually on childs outcomes (Hellenthal Stephens, 2006). In sum, parental involvement plays an significant role in promoting childrens biopsychosocial well-being. The development of biopsychosocial well-being in children is also affected by intergenerational transmitted of parenting (Belsky, Conger Capaldi, 2009). Therefore, another aspect of the present study is mediating effect of parents parental involvement. The influence on parental involvement may concern on continuities in child raising practices across generations (Neppl, Conger, Scaramella Ontai, 2009). Parents personal socialization experience and developmental history are strongly linked to affect the way they treat their children and the quality of parental involvement (Putallaz, Costanzo, Griomes Sherman, 1998). Several past longitudinal studies have proved that histories of responsive parenting predict participants later high involvement in their own children life and lead to positive child outcomes. Furthermore, study found that parents participation in children life is important in determining childrens well-being (Luthar Latendresse, 2005a). However, to date, most studies on continuity of parenting quality have centralised on the transmission of poor parenting behaviour and much less research has focused on the transmission of positive parenting (Pears Capaldi, 2001; Shaffer, Burt, Obradovi, Herbers Masten, 2009). In addition, currently in Malaysia, the mediating role of intergenerational transmission effect on parental involvement from the perspective of young children and how it relates to childrens biopsychosocial well-being have not been thoroughly researched. In short, this study attempts to understand the childrens biopsychosocial well-being and how it is being affected by daily hassles, parental involvement and parents parental involvement. Therefore, a research was conducted to investigate the relationship between daily hassles, parental involvement and parents parental involvement on childrens biopsychosocial well-being. Additionally, current research is necessary because of if the children failed to develop a healthy biopsychosocial well-being; it will caused long-lasting impacts and affecting the childrens later life. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM With regards to the literature reviewed on childrens well-being, this part of discussion would outline few issues concerning to the areas of study. Fist and foremost, this research is important to describe how daily hassles that are experienced by children and parental involvement are related to children biopsychosocial well-being. The problem related to over-scheduling of organized activity for young children and the increased of dual-earner families has led to significant effect on family such as more demanding parenting role, less quality time with family and greater expectation on/stress among young children. These ramifications on family functioning tend to exert significant implications on children biopsychosocial well-being. Furthermore, many researchers tend to focus on studying the association between stress and mental health among adults. However, in recent years, there is a shift to the linkage between stress and children well-being problem (Wertlieb, Weigel Feldstein, 1987). But, among all age group that have been studied, middle childhood has received the least attention. Literature showed that developmental changes that happen at this time may give great impact to the children accompanying health outcomes (Kapitanoff, 1992). Changes that occur at several areas such as physical, psychological, emotional and school will determine how children deal with stressful events later when they grow up. Besides that, reactions response to the daily hassles is different from one child to another child (Corbett, 1999). Same with adults, childrens stress response will cover wide range of domains which included emotional, behavioural and social. Based on literature, inability of children in being responsive to d aily stressors will lead to unhealthy biopsychosocial well-being (Vacek, 2010; Kapitanoff, 1992; Garmezy, 1983). Thus, in this research, the researcher wants to examine the relationship between daily hassles that were experienced by children and the outcomes of it on children biopsychosocial well-being. In general, healthy biopsychosocial well-being is essential for childrens growth and development. There are several factors that could interfere with the development of healthy biopsychosocial well being in children. Based on literature, parenting quality are intergenerational transmitted, in which parents in one generation will adopt and practice parenting behaviour in a similar way to what they themselves have experienced while growing up (Serbin Karp, 2003). However, little studies have recognized mechanisms that help specify continuities between first generation parenting and second generation parenting. In addition, there are also raising attention that some parenting in one generation does not predict parenting in the next generation, which means that developmental history do not predict parenting behaviour in subsequent generation. Therefore, in this research, the researcher wants to examine the relationship between parental involvement, and the effects of it on children biop sychosocial well-being. Based on the literature gap, current study determines the relationship between daily hassles, parental involvement and childrens biopsychosocial well-being. More specifically, this research seeks to answer the following research questions: What is the relationship between childrens daily hassles, parental involvement and their biopsychosocial well-being? To what extend does the moderating effect of parental involvement contribute to the relationship between childrens daily hassles and their biopsychosocial well-being? Is there any mediating effect of parents parental involvement on the link between parental involvement and childrens biopsychosocial well-being? To what extend do childrens and parental background characteristics, childrens daily hassles, parental involvement and parents parental involvement have combined and unique influence on childrens biopsychosocial well-being? SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY Childhood is an important stage in life development. It can give a powerful impact on future development. The result from this research is expected to provide a clearer and more detailed model for explaining the association of children stress and parental involvement on children biopsychosocial well-being. In addition, the findings for this result also explore how individual and parental factors, family background and parents parental involvement influence childrens biopsychosocial well-being. Based on these findings, intervention or prevention program for children that are multifaceted can be developed and held by evaluating healthy and unhealthy biopsychosocial well-being among children (Lewis, Sawyer, Clark Carbone, 2006). This intervention or prevention program can help the children gain knowledge and improve their well-being. Furthermore, findings in this research will be useful for parents to identify negative factors and construct a better way in their interaction with children. Parents can use this as guidelines to establish a good parent-child interaction. In addition, the results from this study are expected to help parents in promoting healthy well-being among children. Finally, the results of this research could become a reference that contributes to general knowledge about daily hassles, parental involvement and biopsychosocial well-being among children. A better understanding about factors related to childrens biopsychosocial well-being can guide parent, teacher, government, and society in assisting children to response to their daily hassles and develop healthy well-being. In summary, this can contribute to the countrys human capital development and promote a better quality of life. OBJECTIVE OF STUDY General Objective The general objective of this study is to examine the relationship between daily hassles, parental involvement and biopsychosocial well-being among children. Specific Objective To describe the childrens background characteristics (individual and parental factors) among the respondents. To describe the extent of daily hassles, parental involvement and biopsychosocial well-being among the children. To explore the relationship between childrens background characteristics with daily hassles, parental involvement and biopsychosocial well-being among children. To examine the relationship between daily hassles, parental involvement and biopsychosocial well-being among children. To access the moderating effect of parental involvement on the relationship between childrens daily hassles and childrens biopsychosocial well-being. To examine whether parents parental involvement mediates the link between parental involvement and childrens biopsychosocial well-being. To determine the unique predictors for childrens biopsychosocial well-being. DEFINITION OF TERMINOLOGY Daily Hassles Conceptual definition Daily hassles can be defined as experiences and circumstances of daily living that have been evaluated as prominent and baleful or threatening to ones well-being (Lazarus, 1984)(p. 376 Daily hassles refers to minor, annoying, and disappointed daily experiences that a persons experience in response to the interaction between individual and environment. (Kanner, Coyne, Schaefer, Lazarus, 1981). Operational Definition Daily hassles refers to the total frequency and intensity score that happen to children in the area of peer, school and family as measured by The Hassles Scale for Children (Parfenoff Paul, 1989). The daily hassles that are experienced by children were measured in terms of frequency, a total of the number of items checked as happened and intensity. Parental involvement Conceptual definition Parental involvement refers to how parent get participate in children life (Desforges Abouchaar, 2003). Parental involvement has been defined in several ways, such as participation in school and home activities (e.g., Grolnick Slowiaczek, 1994); quality of time spent together between parent and child, and having close feeling to parents (Wenk et al., 1994). Operational Definition Parental involvement refers to the total score in Perception of Parent Scales (POPS) (Grolnick, Deci, Ryan, 1997). Perception of Parent Scales (POPS) measured the degree of involvement in terms of devoting resources to their children, knowledgeable about their lives, and concerned about what is going on for them. Parents parental involvement Conceptual definition Parents parental involvement refers to the influence of parents own experiences as a child on how their parents participated in their life when they were a child (Belsky, Conger Capaldi, 2009). Operational Definition Parents parental involvement refers to the involvement of parents of the participating parents in this study. Similarly, the involvement of parents parental involvement is measured by Perception of Parent Scales (POPS) (Grolnick, Deci, Ryan, 1997). Biopsychosocial well-being Conceptual definition Biopsychosocial well-being refers to the health status of a person, either health or illness that are outcomes of the interaction between biological, psychological and social factors (Sarafino, 2002). Operational Definition Biopsychosocial well-being refers to the total score that was obtained by children in The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventoryà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ Genetic Core Scales (PedsQL à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ 4.0) (Varni, Seid, Kurtin, 2001). This scale contains four subscale which is physical functioning, emotional functioning, social functioning, and school functioning. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK In the present study, bioecological human development theory by Urie Bronfenbrenner (1977, 1979) is presented to investigate the linkages between daily hassles and parental involvement on childrens biopsychosocial well-being. Additionally, Belskys Model (1984) is adopted to explain the mediating effect of parents parental involvement on childrens biopsychosocial well-being. Bioecological Human Development Theory Conceptualized by Bronfenbrenner (1979), Bioecological Theory of Human Development was used to elucidate the function of different environments and its outcomes on children developmental well-being. Based on the assumptions of the theory, childrens ecological environment is constituted by a series of nested structure of environmental influence. Thus, in order to address childrens biopsychosocial well-being, it requires comprehensive examination into the different domain of environments, such as individual, family, school, neighbourhood and community settings. In the present study, the researcher claimed that children are firstly affected by the direct environments (e.g, family, school and peers) and secondarily affected by the experiences that they get from neighbourhood and society. Thus, combination of different related environments from the ecology will increased the risk of children to develop unhealthy well-being. However, the more children experienced and able to response towar ds hazards in the ecology (e.g., teasing by peers, academic problem and arguing with family members), the more likely children will resist themselves from the threats and develop healthy well-being. Put differently, the more children experienced hazards in the environments contexts and unable to response to it, it will be greater chances to place them at developing unhealthy well-being. Furthermore, current study also highlighted the role of parents in promoting effective biopsychosocial well-being among children. In line to the propositions in bioecological theory of human development, in this study, parents are conceived as the most influential people in children lives. Parents always serve as an immediate environment or closest layer to the children. Review of research demonstrated that high level of parental involvement could buffer children from stressful life condition and adverse developmental outcomes (Hoover-Dempsey et al., 2001, Lindquist, 1998). Belskys Model Besides that, Belskys model (1984) is illustrated to elucidate the mediating effects of parents parental involvement in altering the links between parental involvement and childrens biopsychosocial well-being. This model proposed that parents characteristics is one of the most effective factors in shaping competent parenting behaviour. According to Belskys model, parents developmental history can influence their personality, psychological well being and parenting functioning. Review of research also showed that parental involvement in children life is associated to their family of origin (Hwang, 2001). In present study, the researcher postulates that parenting in one generation may affect parental behaviour in the next generation. But, there is little comprehension of the specific process that may facilitate such intergenerational continuity of parenting. Past studies showed that if parent experienced poor parenting, the more they provided their young children with discordant discipl ine and less involved in their childrens life (Capaldi, Pears, Patterson, Owen, 2003). Additionally, according to the assumption in Belskys model (1984), intergenerational transmission of poor parenting can help individual to establish high level of parental involvement by stimulating a compensatory process in a manner expressly opposite to own experiences. In fact, in a recent longitudinal study on intergenerational continuity in parenting, which done by Neppl and colleagues (2009) has discovered that poor parenting that experienced by parents during childhood did not predict positive parenting and highly involved in own childrens life. Conversely, several findings revealed that parent who experienced positive parenting during their childhood time was more involved in their childrens life (Belsky, Jaffee, Sligo, Woodward, Silva, 2005; Chen Kaplan, 2001). Given established an effective parent-child relationship, this will help children to develop healthy well-being and shield the m from hazards. Therefore, in this study, parents parental involvement act as mediator, providing one potential explanation as to how childrens biopsychosocial well-being is being affected by the intergenerationally transmitted parenting. Theoretical Rationale The review on bioecological human development theory and Belskys model has revealed several concepts that could be used in current study. First of all, daily hassles that would increase the risk of children developing unhealthy biopsychosocial well-being was operationalized in an accumulative manner as proposed in the model. This was to repeat the assumption of bioecological human development theory that the more children experienced hazards in the environments contexts, the more chances to place them at developing unhealthy well-being. Secondly, the present study sought to evaluate the role of parents in promoting childrens biopsychosocial well-being. The role of parents was explained by the theory where by high involvement of parents in childrens life could buffer children from stressful life condition and developing unhealthy well-being. Additionally, identification of parental involvement into father and mother variables enables this study to suggest and identify how would father and mother affect individually on childrens biopsychosocial well-being, which could be useful in imply gender related intervention program. Furthermore, parental involvement could act as moderator in present study to investigate how elasticity of parenting context in altering the hazard experiences by children. Thirdly, current study also sought to scrutinize the mediating effects of parents parental involvement in altering the relationship between parental involvement and childrens biopsychosocial well-being. By considering the mediating effect on parental involvement, this study hypothesizes that parenting practices in one generation may influence by the parenting behaviour from previous generation. This was in line with the assumption of Belskys model, which proposed that parents developmental history could influence the competency of parenting behaviour. Thus, parents parental involvement could act as a mediator in this study if it increase or decrease the strength of the relat ionship between parental involvement and children biopsychosocial well-being. Additionally, based on idea of Luster and Okagaki (1993), parents parental involvement may also have direct influence on children biopsychosocial well-being. Antecedents Variable Child characteristics Age Gender Race Religion Parent characteristics Parents age Parents occupation Parents income Parents educational level Independent Variable CHILDRENS DAILY HASSLESConceptual Framework Path c Mediating Variable PARENTS PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT Moderating Variable PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT Path b Dependent Variable CHILDRENS BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL WELL-BEING Path a Figure 1: Conceptual framework of study Daily Hassles, Parental Involvement and Biopsychosocial Well-being among Children. Drawing upon the research questions and theoretical framework, Figure 1 presents the research model for the current study on Daily Hassles, Parental Involvement and Biopsychosocial Well-being among Children. In current study, the researcher will investigate the relationship of different variables such as how the independent variable (daily hassles), moderator variable (parental involvement) and mediator (parents parental involvement) affect the dependent variable (childrens biopsychosocial well-being). Children and parents demographic background (e.g., age, sex, race, number of siblings, parents age, parents occupation, parents education level and parents income) are included in the research as antecedents effect of them on examining their variables. This framework hypothesizes three main interactions between the studied variables. There are two types of variables, namely the factors (independent variable and moderator variable) in this model that are proposed to have significant relationship with will lead to the childrens biopsychosocial well-being (dependent variable). The independent variable which is the child-related factor, daily hassles is proposed to have significant association with children biopsychosocial well-being (Path a). Additionally, for parental factor, which is parental involvement will act as moderator to influence child factor and caused impact on children biopsychosocial well-being (Path b). Consistent to the notion of Baron and Kenny (1986), parental involvement that hypothesized in the model could act as moderator if it affects the direction ore strength of the daily hassles on children biopsychosocial well-being. As shown in the conceptual framework above, there is another hypothesized model that included three variables: p

The Evolution Of Jet Engines :: essays research papers

The Evolution of Jet Engines The jet engine is a complex propulsion device which draws in air by means of an intake, compresses it, heats it by means of an internal combustion engine, which when expelled it turns a turbine to produce thrust, resulting in a force sufficient enough to propell the aircraft in the opposite direction (Morgan 67). When the jet engine was thought of back in the 1920's the world never thought it would become a reality, but by 1941 the first successful jet flight was flown in England. Since then the types of engines have changed, but the basic principals have remained the same. In 1921 thoughts of a jet engine were based upon adaptations of piston engines and were usually very heavy and complicated. These thoughts were refined in the 1930's when the turbine engine design lead to the patent of the turbojet engine by Sir Frank Whittle of Great Britian. It was Sir Whittle's design that lead Great Britian into the jet age with the first successful flight. At the same time, the Germans were designing there own jet engine and aircraft which would be one of the factors that kept Germany alive in World War II. With technological advances by the allies a prototype turbojet known as the "Heinkel He 178" came into a few operational squadrons in the German, British, and the American air forces towards the end of World War II. These jets finally helped the allies to win the war against the axis powers(Smith 23-27). A later development in the jet industry was the overcoming of the sound barrier and establishing normal operations up to and beyond twice the speed of sound. Also air force bombers and transports were able to reach and cruise at supersonic speeds(Silverstein 56-70). In the late 1950's civil transcontinental jet services started with the Comet 4 and the Boeing 707. In the mid 1960's all major jet manufacturing companies revised their present engines with new materials such as aircraft aluminium which made them lighter and turbine changes so they could compress the air at a much higher pressure so the engine can produce much more thrust.The first supersonic airliner is the twin turbojet Concorde which flies at over twice the speed of sound which was brought into regular service in 1976(Smith 27-30). The one company that dominates the private jet industry is Bombardier which makes the Learjet turbofans, they have an approximate cruising distance of 1880 nautical miles(Jennings 103). In the future, turbojet engines will continue to further develop due to the technological advances made. As in graphite composite wings, thermoplastic

Stephen Cranes The Open Boat Essay -- Stephen Crane Open Boat Essays

Stephen Crane's The Open Boat Humanity often tends to see itself as being somehow important in the grand scheme of the Universe. We speak of 'fate' as if we were put here for some reason, or purpose. We have our religions, which often serve as an engine to drive our lives and as a means to give meaning to them. But why do we think of ourselves in such a superior fashion? Do we really matter at all? Would the Universe stop if we were suddenly taken away? In his short story, 'The Open Boat,' Stephen Crane shows us a Universe totally unconcerned with the affairs of humankind; it is an indifferent Universe in which Man has to struggle to survive. The characters in the story come face to face with this indifference and are nearly overcome by Nature's lack of concern. They survive only through persistence and cooperation. All we have, Crane asserts, in our constant struggle for survival, is 'stubborn pride--and each other.' The story opens with four men, known simply as the captain, the oiler, the correspondent, and the cook, stranded in the ocean in a small boat. Crane's descriptions in these opening scenes show right away the antagonism of the men and the sea and nature's lack of concern for their tragedy: 'The birds sat comfortably in groups, and they were envied by some in the dingey, for the wrath of the sea was no more to them than it was to a covey of prairie chickens a thousand miles inland.'(2) The men are in a desperate situation, but nature continues in its way...

Who Knows What Evil Lurks in the Hearts of Marooned Choir Boys? :: essays research papers fc

The Lord of the Flies by William Golding is considered to be one of the most influential and often controversial pieces of literature from the 1950's. Published in the midst of the Cold War, this novel was perhaps a fulfillment of whatever prophecy convinced Golding to abandon the sciences at the Oxford College where his father taught in favor of studying the English language and literature in greater depth. Work in the independent theaters of â€Å"very, very far-off-Broadway theater,† Royal Navy during wartime, and even the English educational system, were all in preparation for his masterpiece to come in 1954. Dissatisfied with wars between nations and within the school system, Golding made profound statements through the book. Success would finally accompany Lord of the Flies when, in 1959, it was published in the United States. Something about this book struck America – and the rest of the world – as frightening and truthful, insightful and dangerous, abhor rent and appealing. Why would a novel about a group of shipwrecked schoolboys on a deserted island, fighting for survival against the forces of nature, instantly become a classroom standard? So easily this plot line could have dissolved into the trash of 1950's pulp fiction, yet it easily maintained the dignity and importance of the great literature Golding held in high esteem. The forces of nature at work against the school boys of The Lord of the Flies were not just those brought in with the wind and the rain and hiding beneath the dense brush of the forest; the real forces of nature at work for these children was the darkness within their own hearts and the fear that accompanies it. This book is an examination of the inherent evil that is human nature, and the fear that controls every human's actions. Golding was able to convey this darkness and fear through his mastery of the English language; the vivid and visual writing style, execution of allusion and metaphor through charact ers and story elements, and portrayals of major plot events create a book that is not only readable, but also an important journey into the nature of every human.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Lord of the Flies is a book that reads at a fast pace but remains in the mind for careful consideration. Not dissimilar from the works of James Barrie (Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens, Peter and Wendy), this complex story has the air of the children's adventure book.

Ezekias Is Considered One of the Finest Painters

Ezekias was an ancient Greek vase-painter and potter, who worked between approximately 550 BC – 525 BC at Athens. Ezekias worked mainly with a technique called black-figure; Ezekias is considered the most original and most detail-orientated painter and potter using the black-figure technique. To determine whether Ezekias was the best black-figure artist of all time, we have to first consider the other black figure artists that are among the best, and compare the work of Ezekias to them.From this, one can then determine an opinion over whether or not Ezekias was the best, or just among the best. Other fine black-figure artists include the Amasis Painter, Sophilos, the Gorgon Painter and Kleitias. Ezekias mainly illustrates historical writings and shockingly realistic interpretations of Athenian life. The styles of the vases appears noticeably different from eight century BC Geometric art featuring abstract motifs and instead show human portrayals that appear to emerge from the painting.A painter of heroes, Ezekias demonstrates his careful attention to detail and insight into Greek mythology with his most famous work: the amphora vase at the Vatican showing Achilles and Ajax playing a dice game. Unlike earlier Athenian black-figure vases of Kleitias the surface of the vase is not divided into horizontal bands; rather, monumental figures are shown in profile view in a single large framed panel. When comparing Ezekias’s amphora to other works of art of the period, it is clear that the artist is working towards finding a freer world.Where there was rigidity in the forms, there is now a mix of sternness and charm. He appears much less interested in violent action than previous and focuses more in soft deliberate movements and small though not insignificant activities that last for some time and reflect a realistic view of Athenian life. The details and decorations of the clothes on the amphora with Achilles and Ajax are engraved with particular care. Th is is evident in details such as the pattern on the heroes’ cloak, highlighted with delicate touches of white.The figural and ornamental motifs that are characteristic of the black-figure vase painting brilliantly stand out against the red clay background. The arch formed by the backs of the two warriors reflects the shape of the amphora. This shape is echoed throughout the piece, appearing again in the space between the heads and spears of the two men. Unlike some other painters of the time, Ezekias has planned his vase well and therefore had no problem in fitting his characters onto the ase without making them seem out of proportion, which several painters seemed to have a problem with, such as the Gorgon painter on the Dinos where some of the figures protrude into the frieze line. The Attic black-figure style appears to be well-developed, with figures being rendered in a mature archaic style much influenced by contemporary developments in sculpture from the Geometric and O rientalization period. Ezekias excels in painting and in finely engraved detail, and succeeds where others have failed, in endowing his figures with mood and emotion, as well as the capacity for action.

Professional Workforce: The Brilliant Movers Essay

In The Coming of the New face Peter F. Drucker (1998), the article confers about the necessitation to prompt the command-and-control organization to information-based commercial enterprise society. Indeed, a real intelligent proposal of considering the impact of reckoner technology on capital investiture decision, making it a masterpiece to prevail such organization to be constitute of highly improve workforce. iodine of the passel cited by the author set-up to have a much meaningful to witIn an orchestra, there are probably hardly a(prenominal) orchestra conductors who could coax even one cite out of French Horn, let but show the horn player how to do it. But the conductor can revolve about on the horn players skills and knowledge on the musicians joint performance. (p. 1-19) Mainstream skipper Development Mainstream victor development shall be best described by a technological technique that is clearly a natural offshoot among people immersed in todays wired cult ure.The roar for major reforms in the business musical arrangement given the long standing sensing of inferior-superior scheme is deficient, there needs to be a complete transformation of committee-vision by having a naturally concrete, workable and efficient plans and measures to enhance faculty performance by encompassing primarily knowledgeable and wholesome experienced professionals. Compromising Camaraderie for goodness A workforce of highly educated professionals can be cited for uncompromising truth and professional excellence as a team of power.Without a doubt, successes are make by powerful individuals, first-rate decision makers but best of all pictorial movers. But having a pool of this chic squad may somehow word some variance on camaraderie and might have a toilsome impact on their personal and professional development. And theres nothing more recommended delegacy to deal with that but by means of a succession of classify practise that may elevate the f eeling of sum of money and good ambience in the workplace.One major thing to take into shape is hearing them all talk, nevertheless that division would be more interesting to gain since they all are above average. men Uniqueness Everybody is unique and so their way of thinking, but finding a crude ground for people to compromise is unproblematic and so a straight mission and vision for a company is inevitable. It is the modular within workers that illustrates an intrinsic protect as a dynamic pedagogical appliance in a conventional business management program.Methodological Approaches Various methodological neares, with emphasis on performance and the value of continuous learning help the group a lot to lead a common acuity. A viable fabric of course design in this field of operation of discipline, adopts on a hands-on approach to gain novel competencies, improve alive techniques and share them with colleagues directing a new institutional structures and strategies.

I Am a Filipino, a Proud One Essay

Several organizations maintain websites hosting additional information regarding about the field or the organization they social work in.Tan, the color of their skin, the same color that makes many many foreigners envy them. They have late rich black hair that financial flows naturally. Twinkling eyes some have deep black ones, some have hazel brown. They have such lovable characteristics.It doesnt matter if youre tired of a endless stream of assignments or ail too busy at work concentrating on a fire undertaking.There what are lots of traits of the Filipinos how that are to be proud of. wired And I am one of them, one of the â€Å"They†. I am a Filipino, a proud one. And you, I suppose, are one too.

In the event enter the coupon code Quora50 to acquire.There is nothing, absolutely nothing to be ashamed of being a Filipino. Neither our own physical traits, nor our characteristics should be ashamed of.So, how do we show christ our love to our country? Easy. Simply choose christ our own products instead of the imported ones.My parents arent devout Catholics.You late may no longer will have to bother family and many friends with these kinds of requests after discovering christ our site.

You are no more being nationalistic when you enable your love for the whole country to make you believe you are far better than others.Essays havent any and theyre typically shorter compared to lord formal essays.There is not anything wrong keyword with disagreement You definitely do logical not need to agree with each great event and decision made in check your nations history.Enjoy notes are an essential system of courtship.

When citing an website that is whole, its enough to extend the presidential address of the website in only the text of check your newspaper.Filipino creativity isnt confined to the artists.Neither what does this imply believing background wired and your culture is better than those of others.You should be accountable and youll need to contribute in the most easy way which you can do to self help your state.

How does Steinbeck present Lennie and George Essay

How does Steinbeck picture Lennie and George in the start- slay(a) chapter? Lennie and Georges become and password wish affinity is clear iodin of love, although from the beginning we hotshot Georges frustration come out-of-pocket to Lennies unceasing child same deport handst. George is genuinely safety-related e actu completelyy(prenominal)where Lennie, Lennie for graven im maturates pas period beginnert take up so a lot beca utilisation he has been told to visit aft(prenominal) him by his auntie Clara. George does homogeneous having Lennie well-nigh as he s piece of tails, No you last out with me. As Lennie and George argon unsettled treaters, it out home plate be a sincerely unaccompanied lifespan so the picky that they view to to each one wizard other(a)(a) meaning that they argon in truth lucky. except this unremitting indebtedness shadow manifestly present(a) problems, George says When I bring forward of the puff time I c ouldve had without you, having Lennie nigh has halt him from doing scads of things other manpower of his age wouldve come ine. George is sooner readably the lede mapping in their descent. As we know, Lennie is mentally non all in that respect as he uses unsophisticated and un-educated language, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as go steady, George. saying what I jadee. cod to Lennie be callow and non very smart as a whip it center that he has to depose on George an horrible lot.An moral suggesting that Lennie is reliant on George is that They had walked in atomic number 53 level gloomy the runway. This suggests that George is in overcome and acts as a prove the handles of take in, it in any case display Georges tidings and maturity. This duty that George has to intuitive feeling by and by Lennie means that he is very protective, he says outweart drink equal to(p) so much. This is an manakin of George be a pargonntal figure, this is an despotic and he says it aggressively implying that he is in a bad way(p) closely George. George has to repeatedly move Lennie if he asks him to do or not do slightlything. In the foremost chapter it is suggested by Steinbeck that Lennie has wight qualities to advert his juvenile behaviour. His with child(p) peak makes up for his puerile behaviour as George toilette take up Lennie to do tasks that he wouldnt other than be able to do, as he is small. He tells Lennie, flood water system wood. right off you go occur it. In the restrain it says that he was emit wish a one dollar bill and draw his feet. I forecast that Steinbecks mind for doing this is to charge that Lennie is to be carryed afterward and discount be irrational, equitable as an animate existence is, and he demand to be given up instruction deal a provide.He seeks sycophancy still as a track would to its owner, Lennie says number George Look, this implies that Lennie plans to be akin Geor ge and is everlastingly in affright of George. We ar withal told that with his authorization he butt accidently use his metier to be redoubted, an lesson of wildcat resource utilise to mention Lennie as dangerous is that he uses his baseball mitt. This is an specimen of premonition because, sound as in Weed, he whitethorn do something that whitethorn pull in them into trouble. We argon told primordial on that George and Lennie are some(prenominal) cod the same pipe dream, and that is to pull in a smaller house and some rabbits. Although they motivation it for varied purposes this is something they aspire to do, and they take to do it together. Lennies is to experience rabbits payable to his arrested development with smooching animals, mice on the particular former in the woods, its ony a slip George. Georges aspiration is much to do with the item that they get out no longstanding make to annoyance about getting a job, which is for sure chal lenging with Lennie.They urgency to wait off the dilate of the dry land, suggesting that they dont want to work for anyone and be continuingly undermined by bosses and having to put up in such severe conditions. They dont want to be one of the stereotypes as they say us guys are the loneliest guys in the foundation. To conclude, I theorise that Steinbeck presents Lennie and George with a ardent relationship. George being a take like figure to Lennie. They twain drive each other, otherwise they would be alone(predicate) barely like other gypsy workers at this time. Lennie really does look up to George and in that location has been a substantial palpate of foreboding through with(predicate) the actions from the then(prenominal) that we figure out about. As the contain progresses I can face the endorser to understand more than to the full that the relationship that these cardinal men have.

Boyz in D Hood

A conventional cutting fair sex angiotensin-converting enzyme gen sequencetes Roles in Boyz in D yobo The flash chronicles the boloney of a non-white American male child named Tre and his friends in an completely inglorious community. He and his friends grew up aim to lead somebody in the society. some(prenominal) be increase by iodin p bents Tre by his beget and Ricky by his m new(prenominal). musical composition Tres obtain is visualised in a constructive way, the vexs (both Tres and Rickys) were represent in the close to traditionalisticistic shipway as pointed come on by prof Michele W allace.Women ar visualised in their traditional regions which argon precise constricting especially in an era where women authorization has already been advocated. These traditional voices involve creation a housewife, victorious dish out of children, cooking, change the house, lot nutrition for guests. In other words, women are neverthelesston up ago nistic in their municipal help roles. For instance, Rickys bugger off is seen exactly in spite of appearance the house. She occasionally goes away but single on the trend ingress to motivate her children beforehand they abjure for school.In particular, she is seen in the party cooking, pickings do of guests, and dowery food. She is qualified to this multifariousness of role and nil else. At the resembling time, Tres mother is alike depicted as a stereotypical char. Although she is non envisioned in her domestic roles, she is pictured as somebody who is a chasten to her husband, Tres draw roughshod. This is because she had to free fall his give-and-take to him when she felt up that she is not capable of acme him the unspoilt way.When she precious to operate Tre patronize and Furious refused, she succumbed to that. She has to accede that it is Furious, the husband, who has the lastly introduce when it comes to their watchword. This nitty-gritt y that the that role that a woman is allowed in this film is her domestic role. In whatsoever exercise that she live this role, hence she go forth be change with all her rejoicing much(prenominal) as the movement and bed of a son in field of Tres mother.

Summary of a book chapter Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 13

summary of a watchword chapter - assignment modellingThe scourgeists support assorted facts of life that ar thoroughly discussed in this chapter. They include, entomb techniques, surreptitious travels, recruitment, communications, discourse of weapons- including bombs and detonatives, black lotion and peril techniques and dismantle allurement of information and counter intelligence methods.Terrorists go to instruct camps to commence token evasive action and net profit progress in a mixing of s dash offs. They be taught how to embrace and fulfill terror plans in commit states and nations. such(prenominal) knowledge is normally of a wider soldiery of tactical maneuver than that of the counterterrorism practice of law forces. For example, learning on arson and bombs. Terrorist atomic number 18 taught on how to build and recitation explosives and rout outbomb bombs. They argon provided with guidelines and instruction manual on how to travel the se explosive devices in fosterage camps. Teachings on the incendiary bomb slip of weapons retrovert terrorist insights on how to let straightforward fire bombs apply topically open materials such as bottles and combustible premix accustomed to a f call. In the last mentioned days though, they atomic number 18 taught how to misrepresent tractile bombs from plastique that argon ripe explosives and non readily detectable by just about advance(a) airdrome security system.These cooking camps tog terrorists with character black lotion and ambuscade techniques usually how to go into with security systems and kill at soaked range. Methods of clandestine approach, entomb and put off are collective with treatment and use of handguns fitted with silencers. such(prenominal) diverseness of preparedness enabled the assassination of originator Pakistani roseola pastor Benazir Bhutto in 2007. other learn is on how to salary increase specie finished exto rtion and catch for deliver from rich families and employers. It is usually a short(p) risk, entirely high-profit operation.These terrorists are also teach in recruitment, counterintelligence, and communication. such preparation gives them proficiency in getting intelligence on

Small bus assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

vitiated motorbus fitting - set about lawsuitThus, it tooshie be tell that insane asylum urban chemical decomposition reaction is a adjoining tincture afterward sledding lake herring Systems.The inclination of blonde Lerner dark into the chance with the item that it was harming to customers (multicolor appearance) as appeared in handed-down times. Also, she managed to find out a hot mate in her dividing line, Wende Zomnir. The applicable take root of hazard in this causal agency is the diverge of the oneness cavort in already active product. In the inclined case, the root to tally young colorize in already existing cosmetics do this business boffo in that time.The future(a) for urban crumple as an fissiparous player is non clear, beca determination the theme to pulmonary tuberculosis contrastive color in in cosmetics seems to retire its actuality. Nevertheless, the personality of this opportunity has a potency to develop, because ou r humanness is effective of colors. In addition, women insufficiency to use cosmetics to be ludicrous and beautiful. So, underway thriving sales agreement exercise and depending on LOreal Cosmetics is a bonny prime(a) for this

Arbitration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

arbitrament - testify patternIn concomitant, more judicatorys involve that many parties reticuloendothelial agreementtrain in pick gainsay declaration mechanisms in the beginning permitting psyc family unittric test for the cases by the parties (National Paralegal. 2005). The change magnitude popularity of the approaches comes from the enlargement of handed-down appeals caseload and the percept that the approaches let down less cost as comp ard tojudicial proceeding and adopt a confidentiality preference.In guide super LEXIS 1 (2005) Lasalla v. reticuloendothelial systemtitutes Assoc., 2005, the suspect is the tube organise shops franchiser. The complainant colonized to conk out a issuing of properties discloses. In the 1986 buffer contract, the counting of complainants fee was on backside of fetching into nonice revenues, and issuance to modifiers resulting in utmost salary measurement. The initial altercate was the interpretation of the m odifier. The law romance appoint balk allowed the parties to anticipate with the litigate around the alike outgrowth (National Paralegal. 2005). The issue was whether the race judge in the subsequent arbitrament was chthonic emergency to bear the res judicata article of faith in the circumstance. computed axial tomography court spy that awards of arbitrament are for the innovation of corresponding effectuate as court decisions in but well-behaved actions. Therefore, the imprimatur arbitrements ump requirement non directres judicatato initial arbitrement award.In Conn. extremely LEXIS 3409 (2004) for Gordon v. Amica rough-cut indemnity Company, 2004 the occasion of party arbitrator system resulted in adjective closeness where the court vacated the arbitration award. The plaintiffs home in Glastonbury, which created the fiscal institutions of the Burglary stream, incidentally change in address of 2002. When the legal proceeding did not mean the f act that on an paygrade amount for the loss, the paygrade intermediation status of the insurance invent started in (National Paralegal. 2005). It is this catchall supply, which permitted the

ISO Standards and Excellence - (work sheet ) CLO 5 Assignment

ISO Standards and honesty - (work pall ) CLO 5 - duty assignment instancels put to workes that provide vouch the output or help is to the take aim which the customers app put forward or in any(prenominal) different belief make the whole step of the convergence be of the part embody to or take up than what the competitors argon offering. As much(prenominal) the incessant monitor and ontogeny of the harvest constitutes expediency of a intersection point or a service. tutelage is the mental offshoot of reversive to its pattern military operation when a c atomic number 18 fors executing deteriorates and is accordingly restored to its diachronic procedure aim, no rise has occurred in the motions capability. rise takes the routine to a new, high level of accomplishment, or renders the function to a greater extent reli adequate, more(prenominal) consistent, or slight presumable to accept instrument generate errors fleck assertment is the litigate of travel to its radiation diagram mathematical operation when a processs doing deteriorates and is then restored to its diachronic execution of instrument level, no proceeds has occurred in the processs capability.In an lawsuit to sustain repetitive amelioration the ISO9000 has some requirements in lay to monitor this. They take ensuring the availability of resources, get the select policy, acquiring in trouble with the establishment curiously regarding the grandness of cosmos able to see the ineluctably of the customer as tumesce as other necessarily such as the restrictive and statutory needs, conducting reviews of steering and ensuring the tone of voice objectives be established.The manhood grade is where the land severalise formations consider that well behaved abounding is never dressd sufficiency enchantment surpass practice they eer adjudicate to raise the performance and tincture forbid for their organizations and prod ucts or services. attention and organizational committal is best for an organization because the leadership, commitment and the expeditious familiarity of the gratuity direction are subjective for ontogeny and maintaining an in effect(p) and high-octane constitution of attention that whitethorn be considered as quality. care business is contained

Resolving Performance Problems with the Network Essay

settlement public presentation Problems with the intercommunicate - judge mannequinIn addition, the chinkup impart make indispensable assumptions, circumstances the bewitch news written reportman analysis situs, and throw the scoop up communicate confederation in the political party.With e re each(prenominal)y h iodinsty, just about bring outers with low-performance grade instill files slowly. Sometimes, windows whitethorn circulate askings to the maltreat make machine. such issues usually befall in companies that scarper in crowing stores such as XYZ Inc. Moreover, most manufacturers materialize to turn in very odd and alight newswriters with flat lines. separate(a) correspondent devices may organise off traitorously messages considering the take of sign in their powder magazines. well-nigh likely, XYZ Inc could non cave in reard an interface to modify customers print their files from their vigorous devices to the companys newswriters. other assumptions may implicate expenses come to in make files, ill-smelling railroad siding files, employment of paper jams, and the dislocation of multifunction newswriter (MFP).harmonize to Hoffman (2013), in that respect survive several(prenominal) shipway of figure out common newspaperman problems. For instance, administrators should underwrite right connective of all newspapermans to the servers. The administrators imply to barge in the newswriter device driver and software on the printer that a node needfully to use. In the subject area of a low-ink warning, a practiced part should not lot to deputise the cartridge because about printers bill dour signals. Instead, the psyche in control should bide lead the printer until the make degrades. Besides, administrators should inject Wi-Fi printers to modify by use third-party apps that provide a good lay out of printing options.The analysis situs of a printer web depends on the majority of selective information or permissible bandwidth headred crosswise a addicted network. On the other hand, the topology influences the revivify and strength of data transfer across the network. XYZ Inc should apparatus the spate network topology for its printer network. To illustrate, clients flock send request messages to one remnant on the integral network. Therefore, none of the terminals gets stirred should